Climate change is not only increasing the risk of natural disasters in Uttarakhand but also endangering livestock farming. A recent study by researchers from Garhwal University highlights how rising temperatures, irregular rainfall, and reduced snowfall are disrupting traditional grazing practices. This has directly impacted livestock health and the livelihoods of small farmers and tribal communities dependent on animal husbandry.
Farmers report that snow, which earlier lasted till May-June, now melts by March, leading to early drying of alpine pastures. With shorter grazing periods and shrinking fodder supply, animals are becoming weaker. The research also notes that 92% of villagers believe natural water sources like springs and streams are no longer reliable. Diminishing oak trees, forest fires, road construction, and overgrazing have further reduced fodder availability.
Heat stress among cattle and goats has increased, leading to declining milk production and higher disease rates. Local breeds like Garhwali goats and hill cows, once well-suited to mountain climates, are now under threat. Many farmers are shifting to crossbreeding with outside breeds for profit, risking the extinction of traditional varieties. Extreme rainfall, floods, and landslides are also damaging pastures and making access to markets difficult, worsening the crisis.
